Smoking and caffeine consumption show a strong positive correlation, but the mechanism underlying this association is unclear.
The largest ever twin study of its kind combined with GWAS data and a separate longitudinal twin study shows that smoking and caffeine use are correlated primarily due to genetics, not environment or causality. Also, study indicates that genetic factors may make quitting smoking more difficult for heavy caffeine drinkers.
https://meta.science/paper/27027469...ption_a_genetic_analysis_of_their_association
The largest ever twin study of its kind combined with GWAS data and a separate longitudinal twin study shows that smoking and caffeine use are correlated primarily due to genetics, not environment or causality. Also, study indicates that genetic factors may make quitting smoking more difficult for heavy caffeine drinkers.
https://meta.science/paper/27027469...ption_a_genetic_analysis_of_their_association