The muslim philosophers, scholars and scientists also had to be extremely carefull not to piss of the religious nuts of the time. This inhibited their research.
"My position concerning God is that of an agnostic. I am convinced that a vivid consciousness of the primary importance of moral principles for the betterment and ennoblement of life does not need the idea of a law-giver, especially a law-giver who works on the basis of reward and punishment. "
Albert Einstien, Letter to M. Berkowitz, October 25, 1950; Einstein Archive 59-215
"I am a deeply religious nonbeliever.... This is a somewhat new kind of religion. "
Albert Einstien, Letter to Hans Muehsam March 30, 1954; Einstein Archive 38-434