Can we create a new bacteria or virus in the lab?
I mean using amino acid to create from sketch.
Do you mean 'from scratch'?
No.
Simple as they may seem to be, the technology is way beyond our ability.
Can we create a new bacteria or virus in the lab?
I mean using amino acid to create from sketch.
No.Can we modify human gene so that everyone is Einstein?
No.
Yawn.
Next?
Yes. It's already been done. Or at least the DNA code necessary for functioning cells has been synthesized from chemicals and inserted into existing cells, taking them over. (Like installing a new operating system in a computer.)
The leader in this seems to be the J. Craig Venter Institute in San Diego. In 2010 they synthesized the DNA for an entire bacterial genome out of chemicals and inserted it into a different species of bacterium whose original DNA was removed. The synthetic genome booted up and took over the cells, which succeeded in reproducing. In this first success, the synthesized DNA was a copy of an existing bacterium's DNA. It was the largest molecule ever synthesized in a lab.
Then they set about snipping genes out of this synthetic genome, based on their imperfect understanding of what the genes did. They would insert the trimmed-down genome into bacteria and tried to boot it up. If it still worked, they snipped some more genes. After a long trial and error process, they ended up with a still-functioning bacterial genome with only 473 genes, believed to be the smallest genome in a living reproducing cell. They call it their 'minimal cell'. Genetically, it's new. It isn't identical to anything in nature. (One wonders what capabilities the cell has lost.)
http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100526/full/465406a.html
http://www.nature.com/news/minimal-cell-raises-stakes-in-race-to-harness-synthetic-life1.19633
http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/first-self-replicating-synthetic-bacterial-cell/overview/
http://www.jcvi.org/cms/press/press...-by-j-craig-venter-institute-researcher/home/
http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/minimal-cell/overview/
What is meant synthetic bacteria ?
would you exactly say the type of DNA was synthesized.
Was an other cell mechanism used without DNA and an other DNA implanted ?
from 'sketch' ?. . . . .in the US we say" from 'scratch', perhaps yours is the same meaning . . . .see Michael above . . . . IMO, the OP . . . . yes!Can we create a new bacteria or virus in the lab?
I mean using amino acid to create from sketch.
Can we modify human gene so that everyone is Einstein?
Bacteria whose DNA (including all of the cell's genes) was originally synthesized from chemicals in the lab. After it is manufactured, that synthetic DNA was inserted into bacterial cells whose existing DNA has been removed, and if everything is successful the cells replicate it and divide. That more or less converts the host cells into cells of a different bacterial species whose DNA they now contain.
In their first successful attempt they synthesized the genome of Mycoplasma mycoides, a species of bacterium whose genome had already been sequenced and whose information was available in the gene-sequence databases. Then this lab-manufactured synthetic copy of a Mycoplasma mycoides genome was inserted into a different bacterium of a different species whose native DNA was removed, booted it up so that the bacterium metabolized and reproduced, and effectively changed its species. (Just from a chemistry standpoint, it was the largest molecule ever synthesized in the lab.)
http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/first-self-replicating-synthetic-bacterial-cell/overview/
Then they started snipping genes out of their synthetic Mycoplasma mycoides genomes to see what was and wasn't essential to the cell's survival (in laboratory conditions, maybe not in the wild). That meant a trial-and-error process that took years, in which genes were removed, the results were inserted into cells, and if they metabolized and reproduced, more genes were then removed.
The result was what they call their 'minimal cell' whose 473 genes seems to be the smallest genome in a successfully living and reproducing cell. The 'minimal cell' doesn't correspond to anything in nature and isn't the copy of anything. It's a totally new, laboratory created species of bacteria.
http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/minimal-cell/overview/
Yes.
What these molecular geneticists are basically doing is treating DNA like computer code and the genome like a cell's operating system, and then trying to put themselves in the position of being able to write the code themselves.
I believe that intelligence has a strong genetic component.